Damage of geotextile due to impact of stones

Impact tests of stones on a geotextile or two loosely connected geotextiles (composites) have been performed and analysed to investigate the mechanisms that lead perforation. The were mounted concrete cylinder 0.8 m internal diameter, filled with uniformly graded dry sand. Drop blocks different shapes weighing approximately 40 kg. drop heights varied between 0.25 5.5 m. Results show shape stone has an important influence critical height at which is perforated. Furthermore, it appeared from Image Processing (IP) tensile strains in woven develop direction yarns, starting point impact. However, nonwoven geotextile, rather centered An result for composite material consisting was lower always first be damaged. This also found field tests. A possible explanation friction sand resulting additional loading geotextile. confirmed by numerical simulations.